![dmpc pro evolution chart dmpc pro evolution chart](https://i.servimg.com/u/f69/13/57/23/81/dmpc13.png)
Among them, the most cited, are written or edited by Buchachenko & Wasserman, 1973, Likhtenshtein, 1974, Berliner, 1976 & 1979, and Kuznetsov, 1976. Great advances have been achieved in practical applications of numerous amount of mono- bi- and poly-radicals synthesized in groups headed by Eduard Rozantsev, John Keana, Andre Rassat, Kalman Hideg, George Sosnovsky, Leonid Volodarsky, Igor Grigor’ev, and their pupils.įirst books concerning new method, which are actual up to now, were published approximately in ten years later. Much detailed, the historical aspects of spin label technique are described in chapter written by L. Kuznetsov, and some others, were first pioneers in this area.
![dmpc pro evolution chart dmpc pro evolution chart](https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-1-62703-583-5_1/MediaObjects/271978_1_En_1_Fig7_HTML.gif)
Berliner, Alexander Kalmanson, Geoffrey R. Just at once, spin labels, attached to biological (proteins, oligopeptides, polysaccharides, nucleic acids) or synthetic macromolecules, and probes, incorporated into biological or artificial membranes, polymers, solid materials and solutions, have been applied for investigation structural and functional properties of such complex and supra-molecular systems. Spin labeling, as a part of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), became one of the most sensitive and adequate methods for investigation the structure, properties of different biological systems, their dynamics, and mechanisms of various processes after opening a new class of chemical reactions of stable nitroxide radicals, in which the unpaired electron remained untouched and retained its paramagnetic properties ( Neiman et al., 1962, Rozantsev, 1964, 1970, Rozantzev & Neiman, 1964).